Squatina armata

Squatina armata, commonly known as the Argentine angelshark or armed angelshark, is a critically endangered species of angelshark found in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. This bottom-dwelling elasmobranch inhabits coastal waters along the continental shelf of Argentina and southern Brazil, typically at depths ranging from shallow nearshore areas to approximately 200 meters. The species is characterized by its flattened body shape, enlarged pectoral fins that resemble wings, and distinctive dermal denticles that give it a rough texture.

Like other angelsharks, S. armata is an ambush predator that buries itself in sand or mud to capture prey including small fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. The species faces severe population declines primarily due to intensive fishing pressure in its limited range.

Commercial and artisanal fisheries have significantly impacted populations through both targeted capture and incidental bycatch in bottom trawl and gillnet operations. The species' restricted geographic distribution and slow reproductive rate make it particularly vulnerable to overexploitation. Habitat degradation from coastal development and pollution further compounds these threats.

Conservation efforts remain limited, though the species is included in regional fisheries management discussions. Enhanced monitoring programs and implementation of fishing restrictions within critical habitat areas are essential for preventing extinction. International cooperation between Argentina and Brazil is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies, as the species' range spans both countries' territorial waters.

Squatina armata inhabits coastal waters and continental shelf areas of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, primarily off Argentina and southern Brazil. The species typically occurs on sandy and muddy bottoms from shallow nearshore waters to depths of approximately 200 meters.