Throw-wax
CR

Throw-wax

Bupleurum rotundifolium

Unknown

Photo: Photo: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Throw-wax faces severe population declines primarily due to intensive agricultural practices that have eliminated its traditional arable habitat. The species has experienced dramatic range contractions across Europe as modern farming methods, including herbicide use and changes in crop rotation practices, have made agricultural landscapes inhospitable to this annual plant.

Threat summary

Habitat

Throw-wax occurs in disturbed agricultural soils, particularly cereal fields, field margins, and other cultivated areas with calcareous or clay-rich soils. The species thrives in traditional extensive farming systems with crop rotation and requires open, sunny conditions with minimal competition from other vegetation.

TERRESTRIAL· majorTERRESTRIAL· majorTERRESTRIAL· major

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Frequently asked questions

Why is Throw-wax classified as Critically Endangered?
Throw-wax is classified as Critically Endangered — facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild — because population sizes are very small, declining sharply, or restricted to a tiny range. Throw-wax faces severe population declines primarily due to intensive agricultural practices that have eliminated its traditional arable habitat. The species has experienced dramatic range contractions across Europe as modern farming methods, including herbicide use and changes in crop rotation practices, have made agricultural landscapes inhospitable to this annual plant.
Where does Throw-wax live?
Throw-wax occurs in Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Austria, and Azerbaijan (plus 51 other countries). Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Throw-wax?
The main threats to Throw-wax are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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