Pycnopodia helianthoides
Overview
A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.
The sunflower sea star has experienced catastrophic population declines of over 90% across its range since 2013, primarily due to sea star wasting syndrome, a devastating disease that causes tissue deterioration and death. Ocean warming and acidification have exacerbated the species' vulnerability to this pathogen, while also reducing prey availability and suitable habitat conditions. The rapid spread of the wasting disease has been linked to marine heatwaves and changing ocean chemistry, making recovery extremely challenging.
Habitat
Pycnopodia helianthoides inhabits rocky subtidal areas, kelp forests, and sandy bottoms from the intertidal zone to depths of 435 meters along the Pacific coast. The species prefers cool, nutrient-rich waters and is particularly associated with kelp forest ecosystems where it serves as a keystone predator.
