Rusty Patched Bumble Bee
CR

Rusty Patched Bumble Bee

Bombus affinis

Declining

Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC) via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombus_affinis

Overview

Bombus affinis, commonly known as the rusty patched bumble bee, is a species of bumblebee endemic to North America. Its historical range in North America has been throughout the east and upper Midwest of the United States, north to Ontario, Canada, where it is considered a "species at risk", east to Quebec, south to Georgia, and west to the Dakotas. Its numbers have declined in 87% of its historical habitat range.

In April 2010 it was assessed as Endangered in Canada, through the work of Sheila Colla and colleagues. On January 10, 2017, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service placed B. affinis on the list of endangered species, making the rusty patched bumble bee the first bee to be added to the list in the continental United States.

The rusty patched bumble bee has experienced catastrophic population declines of over 87% since the late 1990s, primarily due to disease outbreaks caused by commercially-reared bumble bee pathogens that spread to wild populations. Habitat fragmentation and loss of native flowering plants have further reduced available foraging and nesting sites, while pesticide exposure weakens colonies and impairs reproductive success. Climate change compounds these pressures by altering bloom timing of key nectar sources and shifting suitable habitat ranges northward.

Threat summary

Habitat

The rusty patched bumble bee inhabits diverse open habitats including tallgrass prairies, oak savannas, woodland edges, and agricultural landscapes with abundant wildflowers. Queens require undisturbed soil or leaf litter for underground nest sites, while workers forage on native plants like wild bergamot, New England aster, and goldenrod throughout the growing season.

Forest· majorCaves and subterranean habitats· major

Conservation measures underway

Species recovery

Frequently asked questions

Why is Rusty Patched Bumble Bee classified as Critically Endangered?
Rusty Patched Bumble Bee is classified as Critically Endangered — facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild — because population sizes are very small, declining sharply, or restricted to a tiny range. The rusty patched bumble bee has experienced catastrophic population declines of over 87% since the late 1990s, primarily due to disease outbreaks caused by commercially-reared bumble bee pathogens that spread to wild populations. Habitat fragmentation and loss of native flowering plants have further reduced available foraging and nesting sites, while pesticide exposure weakens colonies and impairs reproductive success. Climate change compounds these pressures by altering bloom timing of key nectar sources and shifting suitable habitat ranges northward.
Where does Rusty Patched Bumble Bee live?
Rusty Patched Bumble Bee occurs in Canada, Germany, and United States. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Rusty Patched Bumble Bee?
The main threats to Rusty Patched Bumble Bee are 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, and 12.1. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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