VU

Parantica toxopei

Unknown

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Parantica toxopei faces severe pressure from rapid deforestation and agricultural expansion across its limited range in the Lesser Sunda Islands. The species' dependence on specific host plants makes it particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, as small isolated populations struggle to maintain genetic diversity. Climate change poses an additional threat through altered rainfall patterns that affect both the butterfly and its larval food sources.

Threat summary

Habitat

This butterfly inhabits tropical lowland and montane forests in the Lesser Sunda Islands, particularly areas with dense canopy cover and abundant flowering plants. It shows a strong preference for forest edges and clearings where its host plants in the Apocynaceae family thrive.

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Frequently asked questions

Why is Parantica toxopei classified as Vulnerable?
Parantica toxopei is classified as Vulnerable because the population is declining and the species faces a high risk of extinction in the medium-term future if current pressures continue. Parantica toxopei faces severe pressure from rapid deforestation and agricultural expansion across its limited range in the Lesser Sunda Islands. The species' dependence on specific host plants makes it particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, as small isolated populations struggle to maintain genetic diversity. Climate change poses an additional threat through altered rainfall patterns that affect both the butterfly and its larval food sources.
Where does Parantica toxopei live?
Parantica toxopei occurs in Indonesia. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Parantica toxopei?
The main threats to Parantica toxopei are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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