CR

Juniperus bermudiana

Increasing

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

The Bermuda cedar faces severe threats from introduced scale insects, particularly the juniper scale (Carulaspis minima) and cedar scale (Lepidosaphes newsteadi), which have caused massive die-offs since their introduction in the 1940s and 1970s. Hurricane damage poses an additional significant threat to remaining populations, as these storms can destroy large numbers of the already limited trees. Urban development and habitat conversion continue to reduce available growing space on the small island territory.

Threat summary

Habitat

The Bermuda cedar is endemic to Bermuda, where it naturally occurs in coastal areas, rocky hillsides, and limestone soils throughout the island archipelago. It thrives in the subtropical maritime climate and was historically the dominant tree species across Bermuda's landscape before population crashes.

Forest· majorMarine coastal/supratidal· major

Conservation measures underway

Habitat & natural process restoration

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Frequently asked questions

Why is Juniperus bermudiana classified as Critically Endangered?
Juniperus bermudiana is classified as Critically Endangered — facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild — because population sizes are very small, declining sharply, or restricted to a tiny range. The Bermuda cedar faces severe threats from introduced scale insects, particularly the juniper scale (Carulaspis minima) and cedar scale (Lepidosaphes newsteadi), which have caused massive die-offs since their introduction in the 1940s and 1970s. Hurricane damage poses an additional significant threat to remaining populations, as these storms can destroy large numbers of the already limited trees. Urban development and habitat conversion continue to reduce available growing space on the small island territory.
Where does Juniperus bermudiana live?
Juniperus bermudiana occurs in Bermuda. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Juniperus bermudiana?
The main threats to Juniperus bermudiana are 1.1, 11.4, 4.1, and 8.1. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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