Hard Shield-fern
Polystichum aculeatum
Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC) via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystichum_aculeatum
Overview
Polystichum aculeatum, the hard shield-fern, is an evergreen fern native to Europe. It is most abundant in upland regions of the British Isles and western France, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers, but also occurs more locally across most of Europe except northern Scandinavia, northern Russia; in the Mediterranean region it is confined to high altitudes. It grows on steep slopes in woodlands.
it is sometimes considered an indicator of the presence of ancient woodlands.
Hard Shield-fern (Polystichum aculeatum) faces severe population declines primarily due to habitat loss and fragmentation from agricultural expansion, urban development, and forestry practices. Climate change is altering the cool, moist woodland conditions this species requires, while invasive plant species compete for resources in its native habitats.
Habitat
It is found in the counties of Down, Antrim and Londonderry in Ireland, throughout the British Isles and Europe except for the northern countries. It is found in mountain limestone screes in the Jura and the alps, and on alpine and subalpine limestone cliffs.
Other threatened species in Dryopteridaceae
Frequently asked questions
Why is Hard Shield-fern classified as Critically Endangered?
Where does Hard Shield-fern live?
What are the main threats to Hard Shield-fern?
Get weekly conservation intelligence
One short digest a week of the most striking species and country data we ship, plus breaking conservation news paired with our database where it matters.
Free, no spam. One-click unsubscribe in every email.