Typhonium penicillatum
Overview
A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.
Typhonium penicillatum faces severe population decline due to extensive deforestation and agricultural conversion of its native lowland forest habitat in Southeast Asia. The species' extremely restricted range makes it particularly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, while collection pressure for the horticultural trade has further reduced wild populations. Urban development and palm oil plantation expansion continue to eliminate remaining forest patches where this aroid persists.
Habitat
This aroid species inhabits humid lowland tropical forests, typically growing as an understory plant in shaded areas with rich, well-drained soils. It occurs in primary and secondary forest environments at elevations below 500 meters, often near streams or in areas with consistent moisture levels.
