Smooth Hornwort
EN

Smooth Hornwort

Phaeoceros laevis

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Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC) via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeoceros_laevis

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Smooth Hornwort faces severe decline due to agricultural intensification and urban development destroying its specialized wetland habitats. The species is particularly vulnerable to drainage of temporary pools and seasonal wetlands where it completes its reproductive cycle. Pollution from agricultural runoff and changes in hydrology from land conversion have eliminated many historical populations across its range.

Threat summary

Habitat

Smooth Hornwort inhabits temporary pools, seasonal wetlands, and moist disturbed soils in agricultural and semi-natural landscapes. The species requires specific moisture conditions and seasonal flooding cycles to complete its complex reproductive process involving both sexual and asexual phases.

Frequently asked questions

Why is Smooth Hornwort classified as Endangered?
Smooth Hornwort is classified as Endangered — facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild — because population numbers are declining steeply and key habitats are under sustained pressure. Smooth Hornwort faces severe decline due to agricultural intensification and urban development destroying its specialized wetland habitats. The species is particularly vulnerable to drainage of temporary pools and seasonal wetlands where it completes its reproductive cycle. Pollution from agricultural runoff and changes in hydrology from land conversion have eliminated many historical populations across its range.
Where does Smooth Hornwort live?
Smooth Hornwort occurs in across multiple regions. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Smooth Hornwort?
The main threats to Smooth Hornwort are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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