CR

Cyanea horrida

Unknown

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Cyanea horrida faces severe population decline primarily due to habitat destruction from feral ungulates, particularly pigs and goats, which trample and uproot native vegetation in Hawaiian montane forests. Invasive plant species compete aggressively for resources, while introduced slugs and snails consume seedlings and damage mature plants. The species' extremely limited distribution makes it vulnerable to stochastic events and genetic bottlenecks.

Threat summary

Habitat

Cyanea horrida is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, specifically found in wet montane forests and shrublands at elevations between 1,200-2,000 meters. The species requires the cool, moist conditions of native ohia-lehua forests with high rainfall and volcanic soils.

Forest· majorForest - Subtropical/tropical moist lowland· majorWetlands (inland)· major

Other threatened species in CAMPANULACEAE

EN

Clermontia grandiflora

Declining
EN

Cyanea copelandii

Declining
VU

Siphocampylus siberiensis

Unknown
Brighamia rockiiCR

Brighamia rockii

Declining

Frequently asked questions

Why is Cyanea horrida classified as Critically Endangered?
Cyanea horrida is classified as Critically Endangered — facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild — because population sizes are very small, declining sharply, or restricted to a tiny range. Cyanea horrida faces severe population decline primarily due to habitat destruction from feral ungulates, particularly pigs and goats, which trample and uproot native vegetation in Hawaiian montane forests. Invasive plant species compete aggressively for resources, while introduced slugs and snails consume seedlings and damage mature plants. The species' extremely limited distribution makes it vulnerable to stochastic events and genetic bottlenecks.
Where does Cyanea horrida live?
Cyanea horrida occurs in across multiple regions. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Cyanea horrida?
The main threats to Cyanea horrida are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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