CR

Pene galilaea

Unknown

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Pene galilaea faces severe threats from habitat destruction due to urban development and agricultural expansion around the Sea of Galilee region. Water pollution from agricultural runoff and sewage discharge has degraded the aquatic environments this freshwater gastropod depends on. Climate change-induced alterations to water levels and temperature regimes in its limited range further compound these pressures, while the species' extremely restricted distribution makes it particularly vulnerable to localized environmental changes.

Threat summary

Habitat

This freshwater gastropod is endemic to springs and freshwater bodies in the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) region of Israel. It inhabits shallow, well-oxygenated waters with rocky or sandy substrates, typically in areas with consistent water flow and stable temperatures.

TERRESTRIAL· major

Other threatened species in ENIDAE

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Rhabdoena stokesi

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CR

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Euchondrus ramonensis

Unknown

Frequently asked questions

Why is Pene galilaea classified as Critically Endangered?
Pene galilaea is classified as Critically Endangered — facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild — because population sizes are very small, declining sharply, or restricted to a tiny range. Pene galilaea faces severe threats from habitat destruction due to urban development and agricultural expansion around the Sea of Galilee region. Water pollution from agricultural runoff and sewage discharge has degraded the aquatic environments this freshwater gastropod depends on. Climate change-induced alterations to water levels and temperature regimes in its limited range further compound these pressures, while the species' extremely restricted distribution makes it particularly vulnerable to localized environmental changes.
Where does Pene galilaea live?
Pene galilaea occurs in across multiple regions. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Pene galilaea?
The main threats to Pene galilaea are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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