Synodontis xiphias
Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC) via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synodontis_xiphias
Overview
Synodontis xiphias is a species of upside-down catfish that is native to the Niger River basin of Nigeria. It was first described by German ichthyologist Albert Günther in 1864, from specimens obtained in the Niger River. The species name xiphias comes from the Greek word xiphos, meaning sword, which refers to the long snout that was observed on the stuffed type specimen.
Synodontis xiphias faces severe threats from dam construction and water extraction along the Volta River system, which has dramatically altered natural flow regimes essential for spawning. Overfishing using fine-mesh nets has depleted breeding populations, while agricultural runoff and mining activities have degraded water quality in its limited range. The species' restricted distribution makes it particularly vulnerable to these cumulative pressures.
Habitat
This catfish species inhabits rocky rapids and fast-flowing sections of the Volta River system in West Africa. It requires well-oxygenated waters with rocky substrates for feeding and spawning, typically found in areas with strong currents and seasonal flooding patterns.
