EN

Ilex sintenisii

Unknown

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Ilex sintenisii faces severe pressure from deforestation and agricultural expansion across its limited Puerto Rican range. Urban development and infrastructure projects continue to fragment the remaining montane forest patches where this endemic holly survives. Climate change poses an additional threat by altering the cool, moist conditions essential for this high-elevation species.

Threat summary

Habitat

This endemic Puerto Rican holly inhabits montane rainforests and cloud forests at elevations between 600-1,200 meters. It thrives in the cool, humid conditions of upper elevation forests with consistent moisture and filtered sunlight beneath the forest canopy.

Forest· majorForest - Subtropical/tropical moist montane· major

Conservation measures underway

Legislation

Other threatened species in AQUIFOLIACEAE

CR

Ilex dimorphophylla

Declining
EN

Ilex condensata

Declining
VU

Ilex pseudoebenacea

Unknown
EN

Ilex subrotundifolia

Stable

Frequently asked questions

Why is Ilex sintenisii classified as Endangered?
Ilex sintenisii is classified as Endangered — facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild — because population numbers are declining steeply and key habitats are under sustained pressure. Ilex sintenisii faces severe pressure from deforestation and agricultural expansion across its limited Puerto Rican range. Urban development and infrastructure projects continue to fragment the remaining montane forest patches where this endemic holly survives. Climate change poses an additional threat by altering the cool, moist conditions essential for this high-elevation species.
Where does Ilex sintenisii live?
Ilex sintenisii occurs in across multiple regions. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Ilex sintenisii?
The main threats to Ilex sintenisii are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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