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Graphium sandawanum

Unknown

Overview

A detailed profile for this species is sourced from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as assessments become available.

Graphium sandawanum faces severe pressure from rapid deforestation and habitat conversion across its limited range in the Philippines. The species' dependence on specific host plants makes it particularly vulnerable to forest fragmentation, as small isolated populations cannot maintain viable breeding colonies. Agricultural expansion and urban development continue to reduce the remaining lowland forest patches where this swallowtail butterfly occurs.

Threat summary

Habitat

This endemic Philippine swallowtail butterfly inhabits lowland tropical rainforests and forest edges, typically at elevations below 800 meters. The species requires intact forest canopy and understory vegetation that supports its specific host plants from the Rutaceae family.

Other threatened species in PAPILIONIDAE

Ludlow's Bhutan GloryEN

Ludlow's Bhutan Glory

Bhutanitis ludlowi

Unknown
VU

Papilio natewa

Unknown
VU

Talaud Black Birdwing

Troides dohertyi

Unknown
VU

Papilio carolinensis

Unknown

Frequently asked questions

Why is Graphium sandawanum classified as Endangered?
Graphium sandawanum is classified as Endangered — facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild — because population numbers are declining steeply and key habitats are under sustained pressure. Graphium sandawanum faces severe pressure from rapid deforestation and habitat conversion across its limited range in the Philippines. The species' dependence on specific host plants makes it particularly vulnerable to forest fragmentation, as small isolated populations cannot maintain viable breeding colonies. Agricultural expansion and urban development continue to reduce the remaining lowland forest patches where this swallowtail butterfly occurs.
Where does Graphium sandawanum live?
Graphium sandawanum occurs in across multiple regions. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Graphium sandawanum?
The main threats to Graphium sandawanum are ai-1, ai-2, ai-3, and ai-4. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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