Paretroplus maculatus
Photo: Wikimedia Commons (CC) via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damba_mipentina
Overview
The damba mipentina is a critically endangered species of cichlid fish from turbid, shallow flood-plain lakes in the Betsiboka and Ikopa River basins in northwestern Madagascar. It has declined drastically because of habitat loss, overfishing and invasive species. It is part of a captive breeding program by public institutions like London Zoo and among fishkeeping hobbyists.
Paretroplus maculatus faces severe population decline primarily due to habitat degradation from deforestation and agricultural expansion around Madagascar's freshwater systems. Introduced species, particularly tilapia and other non-native fish, compete directly for resources and alter ecosystem dynamics. Overfishing and collection for the aquarium trade have further reduced wild populations, while sedimentation from erosion degrades water quality in remaining habitats.
Habitat
This endemic cichlid inhabits freshwater rivers, lakes, and associated wetlands across Madagascar's central and eastern regions. The species prefers areas with moderate water flow, rocky or sandy substrates, and abundant aquatic vegetation that provides shelter and feeding opportunities.
