CR

Almirante Trail Toad

Incilius peripatetes

Declining

Overview

The Almirante Trail toad is a species of toad endemic to Panama. It is only known from its type locality near Boquete, Chiriquí, in western Panama. Another population from Cerro Bollo that has been referred to this species was described in 2013 as a separate species, Incilius majordomus.

The Almirante Trail Toad faces severe pressure from deforestation and agricultural conversion within its narrow highland range in Bocas del Toro, Panama, which fragments the moist forest habitat it depends on. Like many Central American montane bufonids, it is considered highly vulnerable to chytridiomycosis, a fungal disease linked to steep amphibian population crashes across similar elevational zones. Its extremely limited geographic distribution amplifies the impact of both habitat loss and disease, leaving little buffer against localized environmental change.

Threat summary

Habitat

Incilius peripatetes inhabits pristine cloud forest environments characterized by persistent fog, high humidity, and dense epiphyte coverage on trees and rocks. The species requires intact forest floor microhabitats with abundant leaf litter, fallen logs, and seasonal water accumulations formed by condensation and precipitation typical of montane cloud forest ecosystems.

Forest· majorForest - Subtropical/tropical moist montane· major

Conservation measures underway

Species managementSpecies recoveryEx-situ conservationCompliance and enforcement

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Frequently asked questions

Why is Almirante Trail Toad classified as Critically Endangered?
Almirante Trail Toad is classified as Critically Endangered — facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild — because population sizes are very small, declining sharply, or restricted to a tiny range. The Almirante Trail Toad faces severe pressure from deforestation and agricultural conversion within its narrow highland range in Bocas del Toro, Panama, which fragments the moist forest habitat it depends on. Like many Central American montane bufonids, it is considered highly vulnerable to chytridiomycosis, a fungal disease linked to steep amphibian population crashes across similar elevational zones. Its extremely limited geographic distribution amplifies the impact of both habitat loss and disease, leaving little buffer against localized environmental change.
Where does Almirante Trail Toad live?
Almirante Trail Toad occurs in Panama. Country-level distribution data is sourced from the IUCN Red List and cross-referenced with GBIF occurrences.
What are the main threats to Almirante Trail Toad?
The main threats to Almirante Trail Toad are 2.3, 8.1, and 8.2. The full IUCN-classified threat record for this species is detailed on the species page.

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